What is SQL SQL is structured Query Language which is a computer language for
storing, manipulating and retrieving data stored in relational database.
SQL is the standard language for Relation Database System. All
relational database management systems like MySQL, MS Access, Oracle,
Sybase, Informix, postgres and SQL Server uses SQL as standard database
language.
Why SQL
- Allow users to access data in relational database management systems.
- Allow users to describe the data.
- Allow users to define the data in database and manipulate that data.
- Allow to embed within other languages using SQL modules, libraries & pre-compilers.
- Allow users to create and drop databases and tables.
- Allow users to create view, stored procedure, functions in a database.
- Allow users to set permissions on tables, procedures, and views
SQL Process:
When you are executing an SQL command for any RDBMS, the system
determines the best way to carry out your request and SQL engine figures
out how to interpret the task.
There are various components included in the process. These
components are Query Dispatcher, Optimization engines, Classic Query
Engine and SQL query engine etc. Classic query engine handles all
non-SQL queries but SQL query engine won't handle logical files.
Following is a simple digram showing SQL Architecture:
DDL - Data Definition Language:
Command | Description |
CREATE | Creates a new table, a view of a table, or other object in database |
ALTER | Modifies an existing database object, such as a table. |
DROP | Deletes an entire table, a view of a table or other object in the database. |
DML - Data Manipulation Language:
Command | Description |
INSERT | Creates a record |
UPDATE | Modifies records |
DELETE | Deletes records |
DCL - Data Control Language:
Command | Description |
GRANT | Gives a privilege to user |
REVOKE | Takes back privileges granted from user |
DQL - Data Query Language:
Command | Description |
SELECT | Retrieves certain records from one or more tables |
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